This sketch of Indian mathematics, thought brief, is packed with information which clearly can have only been brought together after much laborious investigation. The net result of Mr. Kaye's researches is to discredit the opinions promulgated by the earlier Orientalists regarding the antiquity and value of the contributions of Indian mathematical knowledge. It now appears that there is no mathematical work of a date much earlier than 200 A.D., and that all the rules found in the books of writers such as Aryabhata or ...
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This sketch of Indian mathematics, thought brief, is packed with information which clearly can have only been brought together after much laborious investigation. The net result of Mr. Kaye's researches is to discredit the opinions promulgated by the earlier Orientalists regarding the antiquity and value of the contributions of Indian mathematical knowledge. It now appears that there is no mathematical work of a date much earlier than 200 A.D., and that all the rules found in the books of writers such as Aryabhata or Brahmagupta can be traced to external sources-in the majority of cases Greek, but sometimes Chinese. It appears that even the ascription to India of the credit of inventing place 'value in numerical notation has no foundation in fact. There is no doubt, however, that although the Indian mathematicians did not originate the problems which they considered, they did cultivate certain branches of mathematics with some degree of success. This is most evident in connection with indeterminate equations, where the Indian works record distinct advances on what is left of the Greek analysis. Mr. Kaye has added greatly to the interest of his sketch by appending extracts from the texts and seventy-six examples, of which the following may serve to give a taste of the quality: " He who distinctly knows addition and the rest of the twenty operations and the eight processes, including measurement by shadows, is a mathematician " (Brahmagupta). "Tell me quickly, mathematician, two numbers such that the cube root of half the sum of their product and the smaller number, and the square root of the sum of their squares, and those extracted from the sum and difference increased b two, and that extracted from the difference of their squares added to eight, being all five added together may yield a square -- excepting, however, six and eight?" (Bhaskara). "Thus ends the section of devilishly difficult problems" (Mahavira). -- The School World , Volume 17
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