This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1920 Excerpt: ... t' =-16.4, s' =-0.0341, r = 559.2, t = 16.4 F., 62.6 + 16.4 Therefore and T, As = 62.6 + 16.4 124. Throttling of Gases. Joule-Thomson Effect.--For a perfect gas we have di = cpdT; Art. 68 (a) (1) hence the temperature of L perfect gas remains unchanged when the gas is subjected to a throttling process. Actual gases, ...
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1920 Excerpt: ... t' =-16.4, s' =-0.0341, r = 559.2, t = 16.4 F., 62.6 + 16.4 Therefore and T, As = 62.6 + 16.4 124. Throttling of Gases. Joule-Thomson Effect.--For a perfect gas we have di = cpdT; Art. 68 (a) (1) hence the temperature of L perfect gas remains unchanged when the gas is subjected to a throttling process. Actual gases, however, show some change of temperature when throttled. The classical porous plug experiments of Joule and Lord Kelvin were undertaken for the purpose of estimating the deviation of certain actual gases from the ideal perfect gas. The gases tested were forced through a porous plug and the temperatures on the two sides of the plug were accurately determined. In the case of hydrogen the temperature after passing through the plug was slightly higher than on the high pressure side; air, nitrogen, oxygf n, and carbon dioxide showed a drop of temperature. The ratio of the observed drop in temperature to the drop in AT pressure, that is, the ratio--- is called the Joule-Thomson cc fficient and is denoted by p. According to the experiments of Joule and Kelvin y. varies inversely as the square of the absolute temperature. That is, "= k (2) It may be assumed.that this relation holds good for air, nitrogen, and other so-called permanent gases within the region of ordinary observation and experiment. At very low temperatures it seems probable that p. varies with the pressure also. If an expression for the thermal potential i of a gas or vapor is known an expression for may be obtained by differentiation. Thus let i = p(t, p) (3) be the given equation; by differentiation we obtain For a throttling process i--const., di = 0; hence V dp/; = -, -. dp/ dT v' But df)p= Cp therefore Comparison of the calculated values obtained from (9) with expe...
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